Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (initialized as MGM) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. One of the world's oldest film studios, MGM's corporate headquarters are located at 245 North Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills, California.

MGM was founded in 1924 when the entertainment entrepreneur Marcus Loew gained control of Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures, and Louis B. Mayer Pictures.

In 1971, it was announced that MGM was to merge with 20th Century Fox, but the plan never came to fruition. Over the next 39 years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3, 2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM emerged from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, at which time the executives of Spyglass Entertainment, Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum, became co-chairmen and co-CEOs of the holding company of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "MGM", was created in 1973 as a division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company was spun out in 1979, with the studio's then owner Kirk Kerkorian maintaining a large share, but it ended all affiliation with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1986.

Overview

MGM was the last studio to convert to sound pictures, but in spite of this fact, from the end of the silent film era through the late 1950s, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was the most dominant motion picture studio in Hollywood. Always slow to respond to the changing legal, economic, and demographic nature of the motion picture industry during the 1950s and 60s, and although at times its films did well at the box office, the studio lost significant amounts of money throughout the 1960s. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr., whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios. Three years later, an increasingly unprofitable MGM was bought by Kirk Kerkorian, who slashed staff and production costs, forced the studio to produce low-quality, low-budget fare, and then ceased theatrical distribution in 1973. The studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were distributed through other studios, usually United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and an expanded film library when he bought United Artists in 1981.

MGM ramped up internal production, as well as keeping production going at UA, which included the lucrative James Bond franchise. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production. The studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few months later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt, while keeping the library assets for himself. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt. MGM was bought by Pathé Communications (led by Italian publishing magnate Giancarlo Parretti) in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the studio's major creditor, then took control of MGM. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australia's Seven Network in 1996.

The debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGM's ability to survive as a separate motion picture studio. After a bidding war which included Time Warner (now WarnerMedia, the current parent of Turner Broadcasting) and General Electric, MGM was acquired on September 23, 2004, by a partnership consisting of Sony Corporation of America, Comcast, Texas Pacific Group (now TPG Capital, L.P.), Providence Equity Partners, and other investors.

Distribution Deals

Film Distributors

• Cinema International Corporation (1973-1981) (International)
• United International Pictures (1981-2001) (International)
• 20th Century Fox (2001-2010) (International)
• Momentum Pictures (2003-2004) (UK)
• Sony Pictures Releasing (2005-2018) (Worldwide)
• Verve Pictures (2005-2008) (UK)
• Warner Bros Pictures (2012-2019) (Worldwide) & (2022-2023) (International)
• Paramount Pictures (2013-2021) (Worldwide)
• United Artists Releasing (2018-present) (USA)
• Vertigo Releasing (2018-present) (UK)
• Universal Pictures (2019-2021) (International)

Home Media Distributors

• Warner Bros Home Entertainment (1990-present) (Worldwide) & (2023-present) (Worldwide)
• 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (1999-2018) (Worldwide)
• Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (2005-2019) (Worldwide)
• Paramount Home Media Distribution (2013-present) (Worldwide)
• Universal Pictures Home Entertainment (2019-2023) (Worldwide)

Production Companies

• Lucasfilm (1988-present) on Willow
• Carolco Pictures (1994-1995) (USA)
• Dimension Films (2005-2008) (USA)
• The Weinstein Company (2006-2008) (USA)
• BRON Studios (2019-present) (Worldwide)

Films

Production Company

1. Three Thousand Years of Longing (TBA) - TBA
2. Tomb Raider 2 (TBA) - TBA
3. Creed III (2023) - TBA - 3/11/2023
4. Legally Blonde 3 (2022) - TBA - 20/05/2022
5. Cyrano (2021) - 12A - 25/02/2022
6. Licorice Pizza (2021) - 15 - 01/01/2022
7. House of Gucci (2021) - 15 - 26/11/2021
8. The Addams Family 2 (2021) - PG - 08/10/2021
9. No Time to Die (2021) - 12A - 30/09/2021
10. Respect (2021) - PG-13/R - 10/09/2021
11. Candyman (2021) - 15 - 27/08/2021
12. The Gibbs Anderson & Sutton Family Movie (2021) - R - 23/07/2021
13. Wrath of Man (2021) - R - 23/07/2021
14. Samaritan (2021) - TBA - 04/06/2021
15. Valley Girl (2020) - PG-13 - 08/05/2020
16. The Addams Family (2019) - PG - 25/10/2019
17. The Sun Is Also a Star (2019) - 12A - 09/08/2019
18. Child's Play (2019) - 15 - 21/06/2019
19. The Hustle (2019) - 12A - 10/05/2019
20. Fighting with My Family (2019) - 12A - 27/02/2019
21. A Star is Born (2018) - 15 - 03/10/2018
22. Overboard (2018) - 12A - 22/06/2018
23. Sherlock Gnomes (2018) - U - 11/05/2018
24. Tomb Raider (2018) - 12A - 14/03/2018
25. Everything, Everything (2017) - 12A - 18/08/2017
26. The Magnificent Seven (2016) - 12A - 23/09/2016
27. Ben-Hur (2016) - 12A - 07/09/2016
28. Barbershop: A Fresh Cut (2016) - 12A - 17/06/2016
29. Creed (2015) - 12A - 15/01/2016
30. Spectre (2015) - 12A - 26/10/2015
31. Hot Pursuit (2015) - 12A - 31/07/2015
32. Hercules (2014) - 12A - 25/07/2014
33. 22 Jump Street (2014) - 15 - 06/06/2014
34. RoboCop (2014) - 12A - 07/02/2014
35. The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013) - 12A - 13/12/2013
36. G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013) - 12A - 27/03/2013
37. Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters (2013) - 15 - 27/02/2013
38. Red Dawn (2012) - 12A - 15/03/2013
39. Skyfall (2012) - 12A - 26/10/2012
40. Hope Springs (2012) - 12A - 14/09/2012
41. Fame (2009) - 12 - 25/09/2009
42. The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009) - 15 - 31/07/2009
43. Legally Blondes (2009) - PG - 11/05/2009
44. Quantum of Solace (2008) - 12A - 31/10/2008
45. Rocky Balboa (2006) - 12A - 19/01/2007
46. Home of the Brave (2006) - 15 - 15/12/2006
47. Casino Royale (2006) - 12 - 16/11/2006
48. Yours, Mine & Ours (2005) - PG - 31/03/2006
49. Beauty Shop (2005) - 12A - 22/04/2005
50. Be Cool (2005) - 12A - 01/04/2005
51. Wicker Park (2004) - 12A - 10/09/2004
52. Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004) - 12A - 16/04/2004
53. Agent Cody Banks 2 (2004) - PG - 26/03/2004
54. Agent Cody Banks (2003) - 12A - 25/07/2003
55. Bulletproof Monk (2003) - 12A - 18/04/2003
56. Barbershop (2002) - 12A - 14/03/2003
57. Die Another Day (2002) - 12A - 20/11/2002
58. Hannibal (2001) - 18 - 16/02/2001
59. The World is Not Enough (1999) - 12 - 26/11/1999
60. Once Upon a Crime (1992) - PG - 06/03/1992
61. Willow (1988) - PG - 20/05/1988
62. Overboard (1987) - PG - 10/06/1988
63. Fame (1980) - 15 - 23/07/1980
64. Shaft in Africa (1973) - X - 29/08/1973
65. Shaft's Big Score! (1972) - X - 13/10/1972
66. Shaft (1971) - X - 14/01/1972

Film Distributor

1. RoboCop Returns (TBA) - Worldwide - TBA
2. Licorice Pizza (2021) - USA - R - 26/11/2021
3. Fighting with My Family (2019) - USA - PG-13 - 14/02/2019
4. Creed II (2018) - USA - PG-13 - 21/11/2018
5. Fame (2009) - UK - 12 - 25/09/2009
6. Halloween (2007) - USA - R - 31/08/2007
7. Arthur and the Invisibles (2006) - USA - PG - 29/12/2006
8. Black Christmas (2006) - USA - R - 25/12/2006
9. Rocky Balboa (2006) - USA - PG-13 - 20/12/2006
10. Breaking and Entering (2006) - USA - R - 15/12/2006
11. Home of the Brave (2006) - USA - R - 15/12/2006
12. School for Scoundrels (2006) - USA - PG-13 - 29/09/2006
13. Clerks II (2006) - USA - R - 21/07/2006
14. Horrible Histories (2005) - Worldwide - PG - 19/08/2005
15. Beauty Shop (2005) - USA - PG-13 - 30/03/2005
16. Wicker Park (2004) - USA - PG-13 - 03/09/2004
17. Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004) - USA - PG-13 - 06/02/2004
18. Dark Blue (2002) - USA - R - 21/02/2003
19. Evelyn (2002) - USA - PG - 13/12/2002
20. Bowling for Columbine (2002) - USA - R - 11/10/2002
21. Barbershop (2002) - USA - PG-13 - 13/09/2002
22. Hart's War (2002) - USA - R - 15/02/2002
23. Rollerball (2002) - USA - PG-13 - 08/02/2002
24. Kingpin (1996) - USA - PG-13 - 26/07/1996
25. Get Shorty (1995) - Worldwide - 15 - 15/03/1996
26. Stargate (1994) - USA - PG-13 - 28/10/1994
27. Once Upon a Crime (1992) - USA - PG - 06/03/1992
28. RoboCop (1987) - Mexico - C - 15/01/1988
29. Fame (1980) - UK - 15 - 23/07/1980
30. Logan's Run (1976) - Worldwide - A - 30/09/1976
31. Shaft in Africa (1973) - USA / Japan - R - 14/06/1973
32. Shaft's Big Score! (1972) - USA - R - 08/06/1972
33. Shaft (1971) - USA / Sweden / Mexico / Portugal - R - 25/06/1971
34. 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) - Worldwide - U - 10/05/1968
35. Doctor Zhivago (1965) - Worldwide - A - 26/04/1966
36. King of Kings (1961) - Worldwide - U - 15/11/1961
37. Ben-Hur (1959) - Worldwide - A - 16/12/1959
38. Dunkirk (1958) - Worldwide - U - 20/03/1958